How do I iterate over/dereference an array of subroutine refs in Perl?

I’m trying to figure out how to iterate over an array of subroutine refs.

What’s wrong with this syntax?

use strict;
use warnings;

sub yell { print "Ahh!\n"; }
sub kick { print "Boot!\n"; }
sub scream { print "Eeek!\n"; }

my @routines = (\&yell, \&kick, \&scream);
foreach my $routine_ref (@routines) {
  my &routine = &{$routine_ref};
  &routine;
}

Thanks in advance!

From stackoverflow

• Try this:

  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  sub yell { print "Ahh!\n"; }
  sub kick { print "Boot!\n"; }
  sub scream { print "Eeek!\n"; }
  
  my @routines = (\&yell, \&kick, \&scream);
  foreach my $routine_ref (@routines) {
    &$routine_ref ();
  }
  

  Axeman : &$routine_ref calls it. The parens do nothing.

• foreach my $routine_ref (@routines) {
          $routine_ref->();
  }
  

• In your foreach loop, the following is a syntax error:

  my &routine;
  

  Your variable $routine_ref already has a reference to the subroutine, so all you need to do at that point is call it:

  for my $routine_ref (@routines) {
      &{$routine_ref};
  }
  

  As always with Perl, "There's More Than One Way to Do It." For example, if any of those subroutines took parameters, you could pass them inside parenthesis like this:

  for my $routine_ref (@routines) {
    $routine_ref->();
  }
  

  Also note that I've used for instead of foreach, which is a best pratice put forth by Damian Conway in Perl Best Practices.

  Kent Fredric : I've always preferred the latter example, its less-ambiguous in behaviour to me. ( +1 )

  brian d foy : You probably don't want to dereference it with just the &. Without the parens, that uses the current value of @_ as the implicit argument list, and that's usually never what you mean to do.

  j_random_hacker : Good point Brian.